Sarcomere

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The basic muscle element formed by the actine and myosine filaments is called the sarcomere.

Welcome to this educational aid for teachers and students of biology or medicine!

It contains drawings, images and virtual reality worlds enhancing the understanding of biological structures.

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Note: In Contents panel (Sh) means Shout3D technique (Java required) while (Vr) means VRML technique (VRML plugin required)

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+ Cell

+ Cell Membrane

Cell membrane segment with channels and glycoproteins

membrane double layered structure

Oleic Acid

+ Motor proteins and Muscle Contraction

Microtubule structure(Vr)

Cilium(Sh)

Motor proteins(Sh)

Motor proteins(Vr)

The action of motor proteins(Vr)

Cilium(Vr)

Muscle contraction - motor proteins(Vr)

Muscle contraction - sliding of filaments(Vr)

Sarcomere(Vr)

Myofibril(Vr)

muscle contraction - whole muscle(Vr)

+ Chromosome Structure

Chromosome - Looped Domains

Histone Molecule

Metaphasic Chromosome

Nucleosome

Chromosome's structure(Sh)

Chromosome's structure(Vr)

+ Cell Division (Mitosis and Meiosis)

Centriole(Sh)

Centrosome divides(Vr)

The first meiotic division (Vr)

The second meiotic division(Vr)

Travel through the cell during the mitosis(Vr)

Cell division - mitosis(Vr)

Mitosis - overview(Vr)

Comparison of meiosis with mitosis(Vr)

+ Endoplasmic Reticulum and Protein Synthesis

Nuclear membrane and Endoplasmic Reticulum

Protein synthesis as shown on a single ribosome(Vr)

Protein synthesis - polysomes(Vr)

Protein synthesis as shown on a single ribosome(Vr)

Protein synthesis - polysomes(Vr)

Protein transport out of the ER(Vr)

+ Golgi Complex

Golgi Complex

+ Mitochondrion and Heterothrophic Energy Conversion

Mitochondrion structure

Mitochondrion structure(Sh)

Evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts (Vr)

ATP synthase(Vr)

Changes in redox potential during respiration(Vr)

Mitochondrion structure(Vr)

Respiration on the mitochondrion inner membrane(Vr)

Changes in redox potential during respiration(Vr)

+ Nerve Cell (Neuron)

Nerve Cell (Neuron) Structure

Chemical Synapse

Ion flow during the action potential(Vr)

Let's excite the nerve cell!(Vr)

Cell membrane depolarization and the action potential(Vr)

Schwann Cell Producing Mielin Sheath on the Nerve Axon

AN1 auditory neuron(Vr)

Stridulation(Vr)

Tympanal organ - overview(Vr)

+ Nuclear membrane

Nuclear membrane pore

+ Plant Cell and Photosynthesis

Plant Cell Structure

Vacuole enables plant cell rigidity(Vr)

Chloroplast structure(Vr)

Energy conversion of light (autothrophs - photosynthesis)(Vr)

Changes in redox potential during photosynthesis(Vr)

Chloroplast structure(Vr)

+ Prokaryotic Cell Structure

Bacterium

+ Membrane Channels and Membrane Transport

Transmitter Gated Membrane Channel

Membrane channel in gap junction(Sh)

Acetylcholine Ion Channel(Sh)

Glutamate ion channel(Sh)

NMDA ion channel(Sh)

Sodium ion channel(Sh)

Adhesion junction (desmosome)(Sh)

Acetylcholine Ion Channel(Vr)

Channels for passive and active transport(Vr)

Membrane channel in gap junction(Vr)

Glutamate ion channel(Vr)

NMDA ion channel(Vr)

Adhesion junction (desmosome)(Vr)

Gap junction(Vr)

Tight junction(Vr)

Travel through the sodium channel!(Vr)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)(Sh)

Protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their subsequent restructuring in the Golgi apparatus (GA)(Sh)

Ingestion of food molecules(Sh)

Endocytosis with clathrin receptor molecules(Vr)

+ Organs

+ Human Eye Structure

Human Eye Structure

Eye structure(Sh)

Color perception - rods and cones(Vr)

Optical properties of the eye(Vr)

Eye structure(Vr)

+ Human Ear Structure

Inner ear - excitation of sensory cells(Sh)

Ear bones(Sh)

Ear structure(Sh)

Inner ear - coding of the sound frequency(Vr)

Inner ear - excitation of sensory cells(Vr)

Ear bones(Vr)

Ear structure(Vr)

+ Human Lungs

Human Lungs - Alveolus

Lungs(Vr)

Alveolus(Vr)

+ Human Skin Structure

Human Skin Structure

+ Human Tongue Taste Buds

Tongue - fungiform type of taste bud (papilla)(Sh)

Tongue - filiform type of taste bud (papilla)(Sh)

Tongue - vallate type of taste bud (papilla)(Sh)

Tongue - types of taste buds (papillae)(Vr)

+ Kidney - Nephron Structure

Kidney - Nephron Structure

+ Gas exchange in the body

Gas exchange in the body(Vr)

+ Heart and Circulation

+ Liver Function

+ Plant Leaf Anatomy

+ Tissue

+ Red blood Cells (Erythrocytes) in Isotonic, Hypertonic or Hypotonic Medium

Red blood Cells

+ Types of the Epithelial Tissue

Cuboidal Epithelium

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Squamous epithelium

Sarcomere

3D view

CONTENTS